I am writing at least the beginnings of this post at 35,000 feet, after missing a complete night of sleep since leaving our Delhi hotel at 1 a.m. to catch a 4 a.m. flight. Twelve hours, two meals, zero sleep and a connecting flight later, I am feeling strangely invigorated after lumbering blearily through a long morning. My body seems to have forgotten its profound sleep deficit as it bows to some even deeper circadian rhythm of needing to be awake, given that it’s late afternoon and natural sleep hours are still a long while ahead. Last night’s lost sleep now appears to be lost itself to my body’s memory.
Or maybe it’s just that I’m a long way from being able to get India, sweet confounding permeating India, out of my mind.
Reader Angela noted about my last post on arriving in India that the commentary was free, for the most part, of social, cultural or political analysis, and much more an extended sense-and-sight impression. The more rational analysis could come later, she indicated.
That presumes, of course, that rational analysis of India is even possible. After eight days there, I’m probably even less inclined to think so.
It seems to me probably truer to say that the riddles, the contradictions, the conundrums and mysteries of India are more rendered, to the extent they can be, by the senses and the heart.
This is in no way to disregard the armies of learned people, many of them Indian, capable and qualified to construct comprehensive analyses of India’s development challenges, conditions for progress, strategic goals and 20-year plans, etc.
I’m never going to capture the sheer energy and tragedy of history’s most populous democracy hurling pell-mell toward some unparalleled, unknown future, ready or not.
All those are good and necessary for such progress and knowledge to advance along the paths they will. But the immensity of the Indian population and its 1.32 billion people begets, at least in my mind, an equally immense unknowability. It’s the sobering thought that no matter how wide I throw my arms or how far I cast my gaze, I’m never going to capture the sheer energy and tragedy of history’s most populous democracy hurling pell-mell toward some unparalleled, unknown future, ready or not.
This was the energetic, tonal core of the 2008 Academy Award-wnning movie “Slumdog Millionaire,” it seems to me. For all of its plot details and tie-in to an at-that-time popular television quiz show, the prevailing memory the movie left with me is of gasping for air, which means it may have been the clearest evocation yet of what India does to anyone who does it the courtesy of paying close attention.
The country’s fantastical, sense-bombarding, surreal flavor is perhaps the best one can do in even pretending to grasp or present the “story of India.”
How can that story possibly be singular or focused or rational, when wildly disparate multiplicity and surrealness prevail across this vast land moment by moment, much like the monkeys scampering along the building alcoves while the cattle and goats and pigs and sheep root below and the countless stray dogs scratch their fleas and the beggars implore and the traffic lumbers and the horns bleat and the vendors stir their pots and the customers sit and eat or pick their way through the teeming masses, all of it comprising just another day, ho hum, on the Indian streets?
People. So many people. It is the prevailing, omnipresent image and reality of India: people as the constant, swarming ubiquitous reality, milling and fanning out across the land.
The 1.32 billion of them occupy 1.27 million square miles, compared to the U.S.’s 360 million people spread across 3.8 million square miles. That proportionality plays out to nice and neat thirds: India contains three times the population within one-third of the land mass.
The difference gets elaborated this way, too: The U.S. has nine cities with 1 million+ people.
India: 39.
I’ve spent a large percentage of my traveling life traversing the western part of the U.S., with its multiple natural wonders and vast open space. That space frequently allows one to escape the rush of humanity and feel deeply into the wonders of solitude amidst natural grandeur. Such escape is no doubt possible in India—it, too, is a vast country, after all—but as we traversed the roads and highways at least from Delhi to the north and to Agra in the south, solitude appeared rather difficult to come by.
Much like its traffic that flows slowly but seamlessly while accommodating cars, buses, motorcycles, motorized rickshaw taxis, bicycles, pedestrians, cattle and sheep herds, horse-or-donkey-drawn- wagons (you have to see it to believe it…), I suspect that the Indian population has simply adjusted to the reality that no matter where you go or at what time, you see and have to navigate around other people. And that a huge portion of them, if not living in dismal poverty on the city streets or shantytown slums on the cities’ edge—are eking out lives of bare subsistence as part of an astonishingly large labor pool that guarantees such labor will be cheap and readily available for employers.
The numbers are imposing: 39% of the population is under age 18 and 74% under 40, according to census figures. An ever-growing number of them are middle class, make no mistake. According to the International Monetary Fund, India in 2010 ranked 17th internationally in financial market sophistication, 24th in the banking sector, 44th in business sophistication, and 39th in innovation, right there jostling among the world’s advanced economies.
But India’s impressive and educated professional class, whose work ethic and intellect bow to no one in this world, tends to be swallowed up by the imagery, sense impression, and sheer other-worldy scale of the poverty reflected nearly wherever one looks.
Professionals are often working on their projects in the offices behind and above the city streets, but on those streets, what mostly holds sway is the traffic transporting and working around the thick mass of humanity and their transport vehicles, monkeys, dogs, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses—all equal in the eyes of the Lord, with equal access to the streets and troughs where they mingle, make merry, and keep an eye out for their next tossed food morsel or rupee.
A disquieting reality of those streets: There are occasional large human trash bins where some portion of the daily garbage goes, but even the bins are often turned over by the pig and cattle and goat owners for their creatures to root through, perhaps the truest and most primitive definition of “reuse and recycle” that we ever see in modern civilization.
Literally, it is waste that winds up not going to waste—but at the cost of everyone in the community living with piles of garbage in its midst, much of its constituent parts long scattered and strewn across the streets in a ceaseless, almost hardened omnipresence.
And a more troublesome question: How can the experience of living and moving about amidst such an assault on elemental cleanliness not affect a nation’s self-perception?
And the people, rather than pigs and goats, living off that waste: I observed one middle-aged woman hard at her orderly work, having turned over a sidewalk trash can brim-full just outside the tourist-swarmed (mostly by natives) India Gate in Delhi. She stooped over literally hundreds of unfinished snacks and meals, organizing them into quickly constructed piles of cans, plastic bottles, leftover snacks and impressive stacks of half-eaten naan (the Indian bread staple, served with nearly every meal), which quickly became a leaning tower.
She would be selling the recyclables, I presumed, and taking the food items to distribute to family, to fellow street-lifers, perhaps even to resell or barter them at a slight profit, the economic cycle churning, however slowly, for these resourceful bottom feeders of the infinitely complex world economy.
And among all those people—so many men! At least in the public places, men dominate the people-scape, congregated in small clusters of four, six, ten, most always around some type of brewing liquid or heating food.
They gather at one of surely millions of little storefront stalls that sprawl across every landscape, whether urban or rural. The stalls (“thetas” or “dukans” in Hindi) usually offer up a few fresh food and drink items along with bottled water, hot tea and packaged snacks. Prices are cheap, to accommodate the clientele.
The stalls seem to fill the role of the neighborhood bars that we know in the west. It is where endless streams of young-to-middle-to-old-age men hang out to pass the time, time itself slowed as no one is hurrying anywhere else to make an important meeting or snag a crucial phone call on a new account.
This phenomenon begs the question, of course, of where the women are. Home, one has to assume, such as the “homes” for that economic strata are. But since such homes are often impossibly cramped and primitive and off the main thoroughfares where commerce and fellowship happens, their male occupants flee to the streets and thellas, leaving the women behind, or to go off to subsistence jobs of their own.
“Despite impressive economic growth during recent decades, India continues to face socio-economic challenges,” said that same International Monetary Fund study cited above. It strikes me that “socio-economic” would not be among the only challenges India faces, but whenever one spends significant time in a poor country, one can’t help but be struck by how much of life emanates from and is either expanded or circumscribed by one’s economic condition.
It is no coincidence but plenty ironic that the phrase, “Money can’t buy happiness” usually comes from the lips of those who have plenty of money but have realized it is not the be-all and end-all of existence. And so it isn’t.
But having enough of it for basic creature comforts such as clean water, a clean bed of one’s own, a bit of space, nutritious food and enough medical care to keep one’s body on a reasonable keel is no trifle, either. All told, it is a distinctly first world advantage to have enough money to be able to renounce it, rather than to never have enough for basic human comfort and health in the first place.
“People are happier. There are more jobs. There are no strikes,” Mother Teresa observed during a period of government-imposed emergency rule in the mid-1970s.
The period was enormously controversial, involving as it did abrogation of basic democratic liberties. But when you’re jobless and hungry and it’s not your family members that government troops are coming to round up in the mid of night, a modicum of economic improvement is almost all that separates you from the animals you may be tending and sharing space with in your hovel.
In such circumstances, the urge is powerful—and understandable—to engage in a kind of ultimate barter of your democratic freedoms (which include the “freedom” to be wretchedly poor) with the freedom to fill your belly and look forward to another day in this singular place, a place that both defies full description and invites visitors to return and try, try again to grasp its enormity—and give it its due.
***
Please stop in at this blog’s public page on Facebook for daily, 1-minute snippets of wisdom and other musings from the world’s great thinkers and artists, accompanied always by lovely photography. http://www.facebook.com/TraversingBlog
Twitter: @AndrewHidas
Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewhidas/
Deep appreciation to the photographers!
Elizabeth Haslam, whose photos (except for the books) grace the rotating banner at the top of this page. Some rights reserved under Creative Commons licensing, see more at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lizhaslam/
Books photo by Larry Rose, Redlands, California, all rights reserved, contact: larry@rosefoto.com
All India photos by Andrew Hidas, some rights reserved under Creative Commons licensing, see more at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewhidas/
I sense that you won’t ever be the same, Andrew.
Well, I think travel always changes you in some way unless it’s limited to your 5-star hotel room and the pool. But some places are certainly more head-turning & consciousness-spinning than others, and India certainly seems to qualify on that score! Thanks for reading, Joan.
So many thoughts and images crowd my head as I read this piece, which practically bursts off the page with color, noise, heat and humanity! I offer two that have risen to the surface.
The first is a marveling at the human capacity to adapt and allow all manner of circumstances and environments. The daily sorting of garbage can be a straightforward task, a task that can be done to garner food and essential items; it has value and is appreciated. This is not a romantic view of Indian street life: sorting garbage for food and staples is straightforward enough as a physical task, and it is of course dirty and hazardous and abundant not only with germs but political commentary. That such activities are normal and ordinary are testaments to those realities and also our human capacity and will to adapt, tolerate, subsist, survive.
The second thought revolves around an intense desire to think about Indian culture as it existed before it was so crowded, and perhaps what it is like in the rural areas today. Equally fascinating, challenging, beautiful, I am sure. Your next trip, perhaps?
You remind me, Angela, of the stance and presence our food sorter projected as she stacked her Leaning Tower of Naan. She looked self-possessed, skilled, like she’d done this a long while and was able to employ distinct economy of movement to get the job done with efficiency and minimal fuss. In other words: a competent professional, just another day at the office, her spot well-defined in the economic food chain. And yet…(“Political commentary” indeed!)
And I’m so glad for your second point, because I thought and wondered long and hard about this quite startling statistic when I encountered it: India’s population was 400 million in 1950, so basically only one-third of what it is now. The cost of that incredible population boom has to be off the charts in every way—economic, social, cultural, environmental, medical. I think the country will be a long time in fully coming to grips with it.
I should mention, too, that on a long Sunday morning drive to the Taj Mahal in Agra, we passed many miles of more or less open space where remnants of subsistence farming were taking place, tiny villages or even single grass or mud huts dotting the landscape from where people were emerging or were already stooped working in the fields. It actually looked quite peaceful, like a window onto the 19th century from the perch of a modern toll highway whisking us to one of the world’s great (and most crowded) tourist attractions.
Andrew, did you find visual evidence of the large number of under-40 men with college educations who can’t find a job? I’ve read that some 40% can find work even though India has a well educated population. They would be a significant fraction of those groups of men you mentioned.
I had a friend who visited Russia in the mid 1960’s and noticed that there was a lack of men in their late 40s, early 50s whose generation fought the Nazi’s. A whole lot of them were missing years later.
So you didn’t see groups of women hanging out like the men. Hmmmm…
Waldo
PS Just the auto traffic you witnessed is enough to keep me out of India for a long time to come…
Walt, unemployment among the educated class is indeed a problem, with one 2014 report I read saying some 1 in 3 college grads under 29 is unemployed, with the figure higher among women. It’s apparently worse for engineers, while U.S. companies are pining for them and immigration restrictions keep most of them from coming here. The question is whether India’s huge population will eventually require a matching, educated employment force. If not, the talent waste and disillusion will be profound, as will be the consequences. I met some young people doing just fine, but it was impossible to know how many of the hordes of young men hanging around the towns and whiling away the time were the educated unemployed.
As for the traffic, it struck me as one of the wonders of the world, truly, that people can get anywhere at all in that country, but absolutely remarkable skillful driving and highly adapted rules of the road allow transit to happen and make driving in India a singular adventure. And though I can’t say I’d want to commute on those roads every day, I found it most fascinating, with what would appear to be a relentless death-defying high wire act here just another (safe) journey on the road there…
Thank you Andrew. Wonderful insights, as always. The people-packed cities and streets, I admit, scare me. Coming from the wealth of the west, the open spaces and full belly life, even a concert makes me nervous. And as Angela reminds me, we all have a capacity to profoundly adapt, almost without looking back. Remarkable to consider how the luck of birth affects every last one of us.
I’ve heard about high suicide rates for Indian farmers. Farming with GMO seeds has been questionably linked. My guess is that poverty is at the root. Working so hard for so little has to be too depressing.
Again, thank you for bringing your thoughtful insights to us all.
Candi, your comments took me back to all those sights of a lone figure or two stopped in massive fields; I projected onto them a certain peacefulness for being removed from the crowds, but they also had me wondering: are they working this entire field on their own? And in the mid-day sun, even in spring, it looked like serious toil. Wish I could have photographed them and given it it you to paint.
And the men putting all their might into pushing their bicycles uphill, laden with huge loads of wood or pipes or machinery: it is amazing what gets transported across that country via the humble bicycle and the even more humble and challenging exertions of the human being. It left me with an even deeper admiration for how hard people work in this world to eke out their daily bread.
Wonderfully descriptive and insightful piece, dear friend; and, of course, not surprising coming from you. The adaptation of the people to extreme crowding and poverty is truly extraordinary and so, so far from our reality that I am sure it had some transformative elements for you. I am currently reading a book called Dark Money and am even more appalled in coming to grips with the millions spent by the Koch brothers and their ilk on the obstruction of government in the U.S. That those with such exceptional wealth choose this ill-gotten path for their riches is a deep, deep tragedy. So many needy causes in our country and the world, and this group can feel/think no further than self-interest; appalling.
So of course my curiosity was piqued to see what the Kochs do by way of charitable contributions, and not all that surprisingly, they’ve got their names plastered all over various do-gooding works like hospitals and hunger relief, though much more surprisingly (and shrewdly): “environmental preservation” and even contributions to NPR! They and their PR folks make a loud case for their generosity in such matters, insisting they’re not the rapacious evil forces the “liberal media” make them out to be. And though it is always dangerous to question anyone’s motives for generosity, I’m going to forsake my own general rule in such matters and surmise that given the sheer weight and volume of their well-chronicled “dark money” influence on so much that has served to obstruct our political and economic life in this country, we do well to be suspicious of their claims of even-handed generosity.
And then, of course, there is the larger issue of whether any persons, anywhere, should be allowed to accumulate so much lowly taxed wealth, and then use it to great effect in a bought-and-paid-for political process that directly benefits the very businesses and industries which brought them such wealth in the first place. All while there is so much want, in so many places…
As a college president for 11 years I learned the harsh reality of the difference between philanthropy and “investment” for influence as we raised $50 million through the years. Those who buy influence and disguise it as philanthropic generosity abound, and, I learned, are people to avoid in fund raising efforts.